Application of Ni-Ti rotary files for pulpectomy in primary molars

Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments are widely used in adult endodontics as an efficient technique, but are rarely used for endodontic treatment for primary molars. To explore the feasibility of using Ni-Ti rotary instruments for root canal preparation in primary molars, 51 primary molars with intact root apex in 22 children, who ranged in age from 3.2 years to 7.7 years, were treated. A modified protocol for ProTaper Ni-Ti rotary files using only two instruments (SX and S2) was used for root canal preparation, and canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide-iodoform paste. All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns. Postoperative radiographs were taken immediately following treatment and at 3-month intervals. Success or failure was assessed based on clinical and radiographic criteria. We found that the success rate of endodontic treatment for primary molars using Ni-Ti instrument for root canal preparation was 95% at the 12-month recall examination. We conclude that with the modified protocol, ProTaper Ni-Ti rotary files can be safely and efficiently applied for root canal preparation in primary molars. (J Dent Sci, 1(1):10-15, 2006)